In the process of home improvement, everyone must have heard a lot of wood paint names, what UV paint, water-based paint, wood oil, wood wax oil, etc., these various paint names, what do they refer to?
There are countless types of wood coatings that are subdivided into different angles:
In terms of solvent type, it is divided into oil-based paint, water-based paint, wood wax oil and solvent-free UV paint; From the composition of the film-forming material, it is divided into polyester paint, polyurethane paint, nitro paint, etc., and more blurry vegetable paint, resin paint, cashew paint also belong to this category; From the thickness of the paint film closure, it can be divided into open paint, closed paint, semi-closed paint, which is related to the painting process.
Wood Cloud has briefly sorted out the following for everyone
Common wood coatings (by solvent type)
Information:
1. Traditional paints (lacquer, tung oil, beeswax)
2. Water-based paint (acrylic paint, waterborne polyurethane paint)
3. Oil-based paint (nitro paint, polyester paint, polyurethane paint)
4. UV paint
5. Wood oil
6. Wood wax oil
First, traditional coatings
1. Lacquer
Lacquer is a natural resin paint extracted from the sumac tree.
Advantage:
The dried paint has
Waterproof, insect-proof, sterilization, anti-corrosion
The effect of the effect is strong on acidity, salt and moisture, and can play a role in beautifying and protecting utensils. In many ways, chemical paint cannot replace lacquer.
Inferior position:
However, lacquer is extremely difficult to dry and requires a high humidity environment, and
Production is very limited
, expensive.
To collect 1 kg of raw lacquer at a time, about 3,000 sumac trees are needed.
Although lacquer is a natural plant paint, it comes into contact with undried lacquer
The skin is extremely irritated
, severe can even smell lacquer can cause rashes.
Lacquerware
2. Tung oil
Tung oil is produced from the oil tree, and the ancients often mixed tung oil into the lacquer. Oil and lacquer mix, from which paint is produced. Unprocessed tung oil cannot be used directly as a coating. After boiling at high temperature, adding rosin as a desiccant, and then filtering, cooked tung oil can be made.
Compared to raw tung oil, cooked tung oil
Stability and coating results are greatly improved
, the oil film texture is obvious, with
There is a certain hardness
Yes
Very good ductility and elasticity
。 Cooked tung oil as a coating
Natural and environmentally friendly
, mainly used for
antisepsis
and
watertight
, In the past, oil-paper umbrellas, boats, water basins, bath buckets, etc. would be used.
But tung oil is troublesome to brush,
Long drying time
，
The special smell lasts for a long time
, many people find it difficult to accept. moreover
Poor anti-aging performance
Whether it is outdoor or indoor use, basically 1~2 years to brush again, over time, the surface of the wood will be black.
3. Beeswax
China’s traditional furniture coated with “south paint and north wax” is due to the difference in temperature and humidity between the north and the south, it is best to choose wood coatings according to demand.
The wax has good sealing properties and can improve the wood
Temperature and moisture resistance
Competence, and
The dosage is not large
, a small point can wipe a large area. However, beeswax cannot hide the color difference of the wood itself, which is more suitable
Reflects the color and texture of the wood
But similar to wood wax oil that will be mentioned later, beeswax
Neither is as effective as lacquer
, and the hot wax process is complex, not suitable for modern mass production operations. beeswax
Fast consumption
, most of the year, or even two or three months need to be re-rubbed.
2. Water-based paint
Water-based paint, that is, paint with water as the medium, the most fundamental identification method is:
The diluent is water rather than an organic solvent
。 Waterborne paint is divided into one generation, two generations and three generations. The second generation of solid wood furniture has many shortcomings, the most important defect is that the hardness is not enough.
1. Acrylic paint (one generation)
With acrylic as a film-forming substance, water-based paint that quickly changes the color of furniture is based on this.
Lower cost
moreover
The technical content is not high,
Good water and weather resistance.
Poor wear and chemical resistance, general gloss,
Each item performance is low.
2. Waterborne polyurethane paint (waterborne PU paint) (three generations)
With acrylic modified waterborne polyurethane as the main raw material, waterborne PU is used more in places where the use of oil-based paint is restricted, and it is a high-grade product in water-based paint.
Abrasion resistance may exceed that of oil-based paint, service life, color mixing have obvious advantages, stable chemical properties, alcohol resistance and alkali resistance.
This technology is monopolized by a few manufacturers at home and abroad,
The price is more expensive
Third, oil-based paint
At present, the most widely used paint in the field of wood paint is oily polyurethane paint (PU paint) and nitro paint (NC paint), and China’s high-grade coatings for wood mainly include polyurethane paint (PU) and polyester paint (PE) two categories.
1. Nitro paint (NC paint)
Nitro paint has a unique decorative effect. No curing agent is required for nitro paint curing,
Low temperature and humidity requirements
, there is no free state substance in the paint film,
Easy to fix
。 The film formation of nitro paint is relatively thin, and the effect of permeating wood grain is very good, and it is mainly used as open paint.
Good environmental performance
At present, it is still the main product in wood paint in the United States and other countries.
Gloss quality, hardness, durability, and stain resistance are average
, only suitable for indoor furniture, the biggest disadvantage is
Not heat resistant
2. Polyester paint (PE paint)
Polyester paint, also called baking paint and piano paint, belongs to solvent-free paint, that is, paint without solvent volatilization during the film formation process after coating. Usually, polyester paint is used on the surface of MDF, and there are not many solid wood furniture. Suitable for mirror effect, bright surface.
The paint film is thick, hard, hard and wear-resistant
, good shelter to the substrate, right
Environmental pollution is also small
Resistant to humid heat, dry heat, acids, alkalis, oils, solvents and a variety of chemicals
Good insulation
But because of the high hardness and thickness,
Poor flexibility, easy to brittle cracking
, and because of its own characteristics,
Easy yellowing
3. Polyurethane paint (PU paint)
Polyurethane paint is currently the hottest wood paint product, and the most widely used paint in China’s furniture industry
。 At present, the most common woodworking paint on the market is polyurethane paint. Polyurethane is both oily and waterborne; According to the film-forming texture, it can also be divided into modification, closed type, catalytic curing, hydroxyl curing and many other kinds.
The paint film is strong, lustrous and plump, strong adhesion, water resistance, wear resistance and corrosion resistance
。 It is widely used in high-grade wood furniture and can also be used for metal surfaces.
Blisters when exposed to tide
Paint film pulverization
and other problems exist as well as PE paint
Yellowing
problems, and not as environmentally friendly as PE paint.
4. UV paint
UV paint is the English abbreviation of Ultraviolet Curing Paint, that is, ultraviolet light-curable paint, also known as light-initiated coating, light-curing coating. The principle of film formation is
Coating curing due to “ultraviolet (UV) radiation”
The paint surface is bright, the yellowing resistance is good, the hardness is good, the transparency is high, the solid content is extremely high, and it is one of the most environmentally friendly paint varieties at present.
Because it must be guaranteed to be irradiated by light to cure, in addition to some surfaces, such as UV paint door panels, cabinets, as long as there are places that are not easy to irradiate, UV paint is not very suitable. This feature also causes:
UV paint limits the individual design of the product to a certain extent
5. Wood wax oil
The main components of wood wax oil are vegetable oil and tree wax.
Wood wax oil has good
Water and stain resistance
, waterproof and stain-proof, abrasion and scratch resistance, not easy to age and discoloration, also
It reflects the natural texture and texture of wood
Easy surface repair
, only need to grind off the corresponding part and repaint.
Wood wax oil is only suitable for solid wood, especially hardwood. In furniture,
High-grade hardwoods
Such as cherry, ash, walnut and so on,
The surface is dense and flat, and the texture is beautiful
Only then can wood wax oil be used as a coating on a large area. Therefore, it is widely used in various styles of furniture such as antique style, new Chinese style, pastoral style, and Mediterranean style.
Compared with lacquer, wood wax oil does not have a full and heavy color filling effect, so it cannot completely cover the flaws of the wood itself. The advantages of wood wax oil are difficult to find
Soft, scarred
The wood is reflected, such as lower grade pine, wood is cheap, wood wax oil is expensive, and the cost performance is not high.
The bump resistance of wood wax oil is related to the hardness of wood, and
Gravure and water stains are relatively more likely to occur
Wood wax oil
The curing time is relatively long
。 Wood wax oil does not add curing agent and can only be dried naturally. General furniture wood wax oil should be cured for 2-3 days.
There are 5 main reasons why wood wax oil is not popular enough:
1) The price is on the high side:
There is a big difference between different qualities, and good wood wax oil is indeed expensive
2) Construction difficulty:
Lacquer can be sprayed, but wood wax oil should be “rubbed”
3) There will be some flavor:
Wood wax oil dries slowly, and if it does not dry through, it has a large taste
4) Weak protection ability of finished products:
Compared with lacquer, wood wax oil is soft and does not protect enough
6. Wood oil
Wood oil is derived from China’s oil of Tongshi forest fruit oil. In general, wood oil refers to:
An oily substance of outdoor antiseptic wood
Wood oil has low cost, high weather resistance, impermeability, no electricity transmission, acid and alkali resistance, corrosion resistance, cold and heat resistance
。 Common anti-corrosion wood oil is coated on the surface of wood, with excellent penetration and adhesion, the protective coating formed on the surface of wood can resist ultraviolet rays, effectively prevent wood cracking, deformation, can be anti-corrosion and moth and other biological damage. Suitable for the renovation, protection and landscaping of outdoor wood products,
The functional characteristics are relatively weak, and the effective time of maintenance is short,
Wood oil has a paint film, a single color, low solid content, and can only be painted 10 square meters per liter.
Eco-friendliness
When choosing wood coatings, one of the points that everyone cares about the most is “whether it is harmful to the body”. At present, there is no completely environmentally friendly, high-quality and inexpensive coating.
In fact, only
Choose mature and reliable furniture enterprises, and choose coatings purchased from formal channels that meet national standards
, and according to the corresponding conditions to do a good job of self-protection after decoration (such as waiting for loose smell, etc.), it is possible
Avoid a lot of problems.
About varnish
Varnish does not refer to a specific type of paint, it may be oil-based paint, it may also be water-based paint, and the word “clear” is not linked to environmental protection.
National standard GB/T5206.1-85 “Color paint and varnish vocabulary 1 general term” definition: varnish, refers to “paint without coloring substances”, refers to transparent paint. In contrast, it is “paint with coloring substances”, which can be collectively called “color paint”. Pigments include ready-to-use paints, known as “blending paints”, and “clear paints” with only a small amount of pigments.
Advantage:
Advantage:
Advantage:
Advantage:
Advantage:
Advantage:
Advantage:
Advantage:
Advantage:
Advantage:
Inferior position:
Inferior position:
Inferior position:
Inferior position:
Inferior position:
Inferior position:
Inferior position:
Inferior position:
Inferior position:
Inferior position:
, expensive.
，
，
，
，
，
，
，
，
，
，
，
，
，
，